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Bushneva v. City of New York, 203 A.D.3d 796 (2d Dept 2022)

Defendant’s motion for summary judgment was granted in this slip and fall case.  The Appellate Division affirmed.

Plaintiff alleges injury after falling on ice in a NYC parking lot owned by defendant.  “Generally, a contractual obligation, standing alone, will not give rise to tort liability in favor of a third party… However, a party that enters into a contract to render services may be said to have assumed a duty of care, and thus, be potentially liable in tort to third persons under certain circumstances set forth in (Espinal v. Melville Snow Contrs., Inc., 98 N.Y.2d at 140… "As part of its prima facie showing, a contracting defendant is only required to negate the applicability of those Espinal exceptions that were expressly pleaded by the plaintiff or expressly set forth in the plaintiff's bill of particulars".  Plaintiff did not allege in the amended complaint or bill of particulars that any Espinal exceptions applied.  Plaintiff was not a party to the contract between defendant and the City, and that it thus owed her no duty of care.

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