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Malpeli v. Yenna, 81 A.D.3d 607 (2d Dept 2011)

Defendant’s motion for summary judgment was denied in this personal injury and wrongful death action. The Appellate Division reversed, and dismissed the action against defendant-passenger.

Plaintiff was a rear-seat passenger who brought claims against driver, and the front seat passenger defendant, alleging the front seat passenger had an “assumed duty” after agreeing to monitor the driver on an extended 20 hour road trip. "In determining whether a cause of action lies in such instances, `[t]he query always is whether the putative wrongdoer has advanced to such a point as to have launched a force or instrument of harm,`" or, rather, whether he or she has merely "`stopped where inaction is at most a refusal to  become an instrument of good`".  The Appellate Division noted that plaintiff chose to go along on this nonstop extended road trip.  Defendant did not put plaintiff in any more vulnerable a position than he was already in.  Defendant’s conduct "neither enhanced the risk [that the plaintiff] faced" from the activity in which he chose to participate, nor did it "create[] a new risk".

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